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Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups
Conformations of ethane
Conformations of ethane
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Conformations of ethane
◄ Newman projections 2
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Empirical, molecular, and structural formulas
Molecular mass percentage
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Empirical formula from mass composition
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Introduction to redox reactions
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Complete ionic and net ionic equations
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Noble gas configuration
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Electron configuration for d block element
Electron configurations in the 3d orbitals
Electron configuration for f block element Nd
Paramagnetism and diamagnetism
The periodic table - classification of elements
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The periodic table - transition metals
Valence electrons and bonding
Atomic radius trends on periodic table
Atomic and ionic radii
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Electronegativity
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Covalent networks, metallic crystals, and ionic crystals
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VSEPR for 3 electron clouds
More on the dot structure for sulfur dioxide
VSEPR for 4 electron clouds
VSEPR for 5 electron clouds
VSEPR for 5 electron clouds (continued)
VSEPR for 6 electron clouds
Dipole moment
2015 AP Chemistry free response 2d and e
sp³ hybridization
Steric number and sp3 hybridization
sp² hybridization
Sp hybridization
Organic hybridization practice
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Ideal gas equation example 1
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2015 AP Chemistry free response 2f
Suspensions, colloids and solutions
Boiling point elevation and freezing point depression
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Arrhenius definition of acids and bases
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Autoionization of water
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Ka and acid strength
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Introduction to buffers
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Common ion effect and buffers
Buffers and Henderson-Hasselbalch
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pH and pKa relationship for buffers
Buffer capacity
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Titration introduction
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Titration of a strong acid with a strong base
Titration of a strong acid with a strong base (continued)
Titration of a weak acid with a strong base
Titration of a weak acid with a strong base (continued)
Titration of a weak base with a strong acid
Titration of a weak base with a strong acid (continued)
2015 AP Chemistry free response 3b
2015 AP Chemistry free response 3c
2015 AP Chemistry free response 3d
2015 AP Chemistry free response 3e
2015 AP Chemistry free response 3f
Titration curves and acid-base indicators
Titration roundup
Acid base titration example
Redox titration
Dissolution and precipitation
Common polyatomic ions
Introduction to solubility and solubility product constant
Solubility from the solubility product constant
2015 AP Chemistry free response 4
Solubility and the common-ion effect
Solubility and the pH of the solution
Solubility and complex ion formation
First Law of Thermodynamics introduction
More on internal energy
Calculating internal energy and work example
Specific heat and latent heat of fusion and vaporization
Chilling water problem
Macrostates and microstates
Quasistatic and reversible processes
Work from expansion
PV-diagrams and expansion work
Calorimetry and enthalpy introduction
Enthalpy
Heat of formation
Hess's law and reaction enthalpy change
Hess's law example
Bond enthalpy and enthalpy of reaction
2015 AP Chemistry free response 7
Introduction to entropy
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy: Embrace the chaos
Work done by isothermic process
Carnot cycle and Carnot engine
Proof: Volume ratios in a Carnot cycle
Proof: S (or entropy) is a valid state variable
Thermodynamic entropy definition clarification
Reconciling thermodynamic and state definitions of entropy
Entropy intuition
More on entropy
Maxwell's demon
Gibbs free energy and spontaneity
Gibbs free energy example
More rigorous Gibbs free energy / spontaneity relationship
A look at a seductive but wrong Gibbs spontaneity proof
Changes in free energy and the reaction quotient
Standard change in free energy and the equilibrium constant
2015 AP Chemistry free response 2c
Oxidation and reduction
Oxidation state trends in periodic table
Practice determining oxidation states
Unusual oxygen oxidation states
Introduction to redox reactions
Redox reaction with iron
Oxidizing and reducing agents
Disproportionation
Balancing redox reactions in acid
Balancing redox reactions in base
Redox titration
Redox reaction from dissolving zinc in copper sulfate
Introduction to galvanic/voltaic cells
Electrodes and voltage of Galvanic cell
Shorthand notation for galvanic/voltaic cells
Lead storage battery
Nickel-cadmium battery
2015 AP Chemistry free response 1d
Standard reduction potentials
Using reduction potentials
Voltage as an intensive property
Spontaneity and redox reactions
2015 AP Chemistry free response 1a
Free energy and cell potential
Standard cell potential and the equilibrium constant
Calculating the equilibrium constant from the standard cell potential
Galvanic cells and changes in free energy
Nernst equation
Using the Nernst equation
Concentration cell
2015 AP Chemistry free response 1b and c
Introduction to electrolysis
Quantitative electrolysis
Electrolysis of molten sodium chloride
Introduction to kinetics
Rate of reaction
Rate law and reaction order
Finding units of rate constant k
Experimental determination of rate laws
First-order reaction (with calculus)
Plotting data for a first-order reaction
Half-life of a first-order reaction
Half-life and carbon dating
First-order reaction example
Rate constant k from half-life example
Second-order reaction (with calculus)
Plotting data for a second-order reaction
Half-life of a second-order reaction
Second-order reaction example
Zero-order reaction (with calculus)
2015 AP Chemistry free response 5
Collision theory
Arrhenius equation
Forms of the Arrhenius equation
Using the Arrhenius equation
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
Elementary rate laws
Mechanisms and the rate-determining step
Catalysts
Spectrophotometry introduction
Spectrophotometry example
Mass defect and binding energy
Nuclear stability and nuclear equations
Types of decay
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Half-life and carbon dating
Half-life plot
Exponential decay formula proof (can skip, involves calculus)
Introduction to exponential decay
More exponential decay examples
Exponential decay and semi-log plots
2015 AP Chemistry free response 1a
2015 AP Chemistry free response 1b and c
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2015 AP Chemistry free response 2a (part 1 of 2)
2015 AP Chemistry free response 2a (part 2/2) and b
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2015 AP Chemistry free response 3b
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2015 AP Chemistry free response 3d
2015 AP Chemistry free response 3e
2015 AP Chemistry free response 3f
2015 AP Chemistry free response 4
2015 AP Chemistry free response 5
2015 AP Chemistry free response 5a: Finding order of reaction
2015 AP Chemistry free response 6
2015 AP Chemistry free response 7
Introduction to "Meet a chemistry professional"
Representing structures of organic molecules
Naming simple alkanes
Naming alkanes with alkyl groups
Correction - 2-propylheptane should never be the name!
Common and systematic naming: iso-, sec-, and tert- prefixes
Naming alkanes with ethyl groups
Alkane with isopropyl group
Organic chemistry naming examples 2
Organic chemistry naming examples 3
Naming a cycloalkane
Naming two isobutyl groups systematically
Organic chemistry naming examples 4
Alkane and cycloalkane nomenclature I
Alkane and cycloalkane nomenclature II
Alkane and cycloalkane nomenclature III
Bicyclic compounds
Naming cubane
Heats of combustion of alkanes
Newman projections
Newman projections 2
Conformational analysis of ethane
Conformational analysis of propane
Conformational analysis of butane
Newman projection practice 1
Newman projection practice 2
Chair and boat shapes for cyclohexane
Double Newman diagram for methylcyclohexane
Stability of cycloalkanes
Conformations of cyclohexane
Drawing chair conformations
Monosubstituted cyclohexane
Disubstituted cyclohexane
Polysubstituted cyclohexane
Functional groups
More functional groups
Identifying functional groups
Conformational analysis of ethane ►
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Acids and bases
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Kinetics
Nuclear chemistry
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Organic chemistry
Alkanes, cycloalkanes, and functional groups
Topic 19